↑ D’Assis Fonseca, E. C. M (1968). Diptera Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata: Muscidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 10. London: Royal Entomological Society of London. p. 118.
↑ Gregor, F. (2002). The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis. 107. Masaryk: Masaryk University. p. 280.